ReportGuidelines (UP-NCPAG)

Report Guidelines
Cite the major sources
In bullet points, what are the major points / messages. Do not report per reading material. Our job is to read the materials on our own, digest them, and then report the trends and main messages
In graduate school, we have to learn to synthesize the readings, extract the major lessons and then test them: accept or reject them, and then point out applications to PAS
The discipline of graduate school is to develop CRITICAL THINKING; IT IS THE ABILITY TO ASK THE RIGHT QUESTIONS RATHER THAN PROVIDE THE RIGHT ANSWERS
Typical Report: 3 reporters assign only one reporter
5 slides: Overview and cite references
5 slides: main messages of the readings
5 slides: lessons learned and application to PAS
3 slides: you may also ask questions – soul searching, penetrating, self-criticism, next steps
Each slide should avoid being text heavy. At most, 7 bullet points per slide
Use key words, not full sentences
PA 208 – Phil Administrative System
Context of its development: historical, cultural, political and administrative
TRENDS - Continuing past – changeless land
Elite dominance of pol administrative system
GGG in elections, Glitter
Domination by the international powers: US, Japan, Korea, etc. “second Japanese inavsion”
Indigenous – Bangladesh, Grameen; Philippine

PA Issues and Concerns 
TYING THE DISCUSSION TOGETHER WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF PAS
REFORMING STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES, MINDSETS AND BEHAVIOR, AND LEADERSHIP

The Bureaucracy: Evolution of the Bureaucracy in the Philippines
Take off from the discussions of Sto Tomas, De Leon, David and Saludo
Higlight Reorganization attempts – since Quirino (GSRC), Marcos (IRP), CCA (PCGR) and Erap (PCEG) and GMA (Rationalization)
Discussed evolution
DBM Report on Concepts in Reforming the Bureaucracy
Principles of Frugality
Can do, must do and want to do – in relation to Will Do
Principle of Steering
Principle of Compartmentalization
Rationales for Bureaucratic Reform
Eg. Agencies that have lost their reason for existence:Board of Liquidators; Bureau of Telecommunications
Approaches for Bureaucratic Reform (cited matrix of Claire Carlos – Pre GSRC; GSRC; PCR; PCGR; Post PCGR)
The Process of Reorganization
What Rationalization in the Philippines is not (Karina David)
Cited Problems in the Bureaucracy (Centralization vs Decentralization; Duplication and overlap; inadequate coordination; graft and corruption; red tape and inefficiency; cumbersome and complicated procedures; ineffective administration of public enterprises; inadequacy of communication systems; creating adhocracies; problems in personnel; areal vs sectoral planning; citizen participation)
Cited the administratrative Code

Memorize this!
Article IX 1987 Constitution
“Public Office is a Public Trust. Public Officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice and lead modest lives.”
Memorize this …
RA 6713: Section 4
“Every public official and employee shall observe the following as the standards of personal conduct in the discharge and excecution of official duties: professionalism, commitment to public interest, justness and sincerity, political neutrality, responsiveness to the public, nationalism and patriotism, commitment to democracy and simple living.”
Report 2 (Lito) on Assessment of the Bureaucracy
Key Reform Area as Proposed by the three authors
Effective and Efficient Administration of Justice
Monitoring Campaign Finance (some notes)
This presentation is based upon, and takes off, from that prepared by Ramon Casiple, Executive Director of the Institute of Political and Electoral Reform


Reality of Philippine elections
Some income statistics (2006)
Average family income: PhP 172,000 Average family expenses: PhP 147,000
Per capita poverty threshold: PhP 15,057, those below are 26.9% of all families
ARMM, Caraga, Zamboanga Peninsula and Mimaropa are the poorest in terms of family income
Campaign financing laws
RA 7166 (Synchronized Elections)
Sets the spending cap to PhP 10 per voter for a presidential and vice-presidential candidate
Sets the spending cap to PhP 3 per voter for all other candidates in respective constituencies
Sets the spending cap to PhP 5 per voter for political parties in constituencies where they have official candidates

As pointed out by Atty Rafanan of COMELEC: Under the law: PhP10 for every voter – up to PhP500,000 for Presidential Elections – 47 million voters: PhP470,000
Other political parties: PhP3.00 per voter
Independent Candidates: PhP 5.00 per voter
Maximum air time
National candidate:
120 min TV, 180 min, radio
Local candidate:
60 min TV and 90 min radio
Print
Broadsheet: ¼ 3x a week
Tabloid: ½ 3x a week
The more fundamental question is are these being followed?
Kaya ba ng COMELEC lahat nito?
Kailangan natin silang tulungan. We have to help COMELEC.
The process of governance is too sensitive and too important to be left to government alone. It is our obligation to help them!
The Tale of the Pocket in Elections

Presidential Campaign:
PhP 5 billion-PhP 8 billion (vs PhP470 million as allowed by law)
Senatorial Campaign:
PhP 150 million-PhP 500 million
Congressional Campaign:
PhP 3 million-PhP 100 million
Governatorial Campaign
PhP 5 million-PhP 150 million
Mayoralty Campaign
PhP 1 million-PhP 200 million
Why campaign finance monitoring?
Basis for determining the accessibility of public office to all citizens
Ensure transparency and accountability of political parties, coalitions and candidates
Prevent illegal money from entering the electoral system, stem corruption, and restricting excessive expenditures
Monitoring strategies
Proper laws on campaign financing
Developing official monitoring and prosecution capabilities of the Comelec
Mobilizing citizen monitors
Strengthening the democratic, transparent, and accountable political party system
Public information and media campaign
2007 Pera at Pulitika campaign finance monitoring
Pilot monitoring project
Focused on:
Media expenditures of senatorial candidates
Receiptable expenses of congressional and local candidates
Unreceipted expenditures
Involved partnerships of various CSO groups

Overarching conclusions
Comelec exhibited a poor ability to enforce campaign finance regulations.
The campaign finance laws, including the spending limits, must be reviewed, and the Comelec’s capability to enforce such laws must be strengthened.
The aspiration to acquire public office through overspending cannot be reconciled with the candidates’ stated desire to serve.

Conclusions on National Campaign
Large spending on political ads did not ensure victory in the national race.
Political ad spending in 2007 was significantly higher (2.5 times) than in 2004, indicating that elections continue to be an economic investment for the candidates.
Team Unity (TU) spent on political ads more than their opponents did.
Party list groups allegedly aligned with the Administration spent more.
Monitoring showed clear violations by certain candidates of the limits on media airtime, and possible violations of campaign spending limits.
Monitoring political ad spending gave a meaningful indication of the magnitude of expenses required to aspire for a national political post.
Conclusions on Local Campaign
There was significant overspending in the electoral contests we monitored, especially in hotly contested campaigns, indicating that elections continue to be an economic investment for the candidates.
Of the estimated expenditures monitored, big chunks went to regular operational expenses (i.e. allowances of organizers and volunteers, food, etc.) and to “special operations”, including alleged vote buying.
Expenditure figures are conservative because they do not include the hard to document expenses, such as those related to “special operations”.
The incumbents have access to state resources such as barangay offices, equipment, vehicles, government buildings, etc.
Barangay officials, rather than being non-partisan, were only too willing to be ward leaders for the candidates.
Party/Campaign Finance Reforms
State supervision of political parties as public institutions
Strengthening party discipline and restrictions on turncoatism
State subsidy for political parties/candidates
Restrictions on campaign expenditures
Transparency and accountability in campaign finance reporting
Citizen-voter education
The whole reform package
First, legislative acts for broadening the people’s participation in elections and governance, amending electoral laws, campaign financing reforms, and strengthening the political party system;
Second, reform initiatives such as electoral modernization, citizen-voter education, revamping and reforming the election administration, and harnessing civil society for electoral duties; and
Third, constitutional reforms to depoliticize election administration and enable non-partisan conduct of elections
A final word
There is urgent need to break the vicious cycle of money politics and corruption. Only a comprehensive set of political and electoral reforms can do it.
However, the people themselves will have to do it, not the traditional politicians.
A Final, final word
Elections at the heart of good governance
Participation, transparency, and accountability as key
Free and genuine elections are central to making democracy work
Elections are too precious to be left in the hands of politicians alone
Only YOU AND YOU ALONE CAN MAKE OUR DEMOCRACY WORK!!!!
A little more…
What do we do about premature campaigning – file or no file, declared or undeclared
Certificate or no certificate
Why are they doing this right under our noses?
Go beyond technicalities and law; now at the level of values!!!! (Colongon)
Kailangan tayong magalit: rightheous indignation!
It’s really up to us!
BLATANT VIOLATION OF EXPENSES, CAMPAIGN, INFOMERCIALS, AIR TIME

Again, Governance is too critical and sensitive to be left to government alone
Need to address the culture of distrust
We have to be engaged!
Atty Rafanan Exhorted us
Vigilance of citizenry
Cooperation
Coordination
Support
We have to get involved!
Back to regular PA 208 Concerns
What we have been doing - Others1
Forum on CS Chairs
Alibata
Study Tour
GK and Meloto
Other approaches
Emphasis on context: historical, cultural
Blighted – book review and presentation of SolGen Chavez
GK – Kalinga Bills – and GK Build
Manifesto for reforms in the civil service: GO BEYOND GENERALITIES
Memorize Article IX of Constitution and Section 4 of 6713

Group to come up with an inventory of Good Governance Indicators
Class to come up with a Manifesto for Reforms in the Philippine Administrative System to be submitted to the Political Parties and Published in the Papers
World Bank Report